A diagnosis of MS can feel overwhelming. Learning about your condition is one of the most empowering steps you can take.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system — the brain and spinal cord. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath, the protective insulating layer that surrounds nerve fibers.
When myelin is damaged, nerve signals slow down, become distorted, or stop entirely. This is what causes the symptoms of MS.
MS affects people differently. Your healthcare provider can help determine whether a disease-modifying therapy is appropriate for your form of MS.
Symptoms vary widely and can affect movement, vision, balance, bladder function, thinking, and more.
Common MS symptoms include:
Fatigue
The most common and often most debilitating symptom
Numbness or tingling
In the limbs or face
Weakness
In the arms or legs
Balance and coordination problems
Difficulty walking, dizziness
Vision problems
The most common and often most debilitating symptom
Muscle stiffness or spasms
Spasticity
Bladder and bowel problems
Urgency, frequency, incontinence
Cognitive difficulties
'MS fog' — difficulty with memory, concentration
MS is not directly fatal, but symptoms can significantly affect quality of life. With treatment and proper management, many people with MS are able to live full, active lives.
Glatiramer Acetate Injection is approved for relapsing forms of MS, which include:
CIS is a first episode of neurological symptoms caused by inflammation or demyelination in the central nervous system. It lasts at least 24 hours and is often the first sign of MS.
Not everyone with CIS goes on to develop MS, but starting a disease-modifying therapy early may reduce the risk.
RRMS is characterized by relapses (also called attacks or flare-ups) — periods of new or worsening symptoms — followed by remissions, where symptoms partially or fully improve.
During remission, the disease is not progressing. But MRI activity (new or enlarging lesions) may still be present even without symptoms.
Secondary progressive MS develops in some people who initially had RRMS. Over time, the disease begins to progress more steadily. 'Active' SPMS means there is still evidence of relapse or new MRI lesion activity.
Disease-modifying therapy is most beneficial in active SPMS.
A diagnosis of MS is life-changing — but it is not the end of your story. Millions of people live full, meaningful lives with MS. Here are some strategies that can help:
Regular, moderate exercise has been shown to help people with MS maintain strength, flexibility, and mood. Talk to your healthcare provider about a safe exercise plan for you.
Depression and anxiety are common in people with MS — not just from the diagnosis, but as a direct effect of the disease on the brain. Seeking support from a mental health professional, support group, or trusted community is a sign of strength.
While no specific diet has been proven to treat MS, a balanced, anti-inflammatory diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids supports overall health and well-being.
If you are supporting a loved one with MS, you play a vital role in their care. Here are resources to help you:
These organizations offer information, peer support, and resources for people living with MS and their families.
Largest non-profit MS organization in the US — information, local chapters, research funding
Largest non-profit MS organization in the US — information, local chapters, research funding
Free programs and services for people with MS and their caregivers
Alliance of independent MS organizations focused on improving quality of life
These external resources are provided for informational purposes only. Ajenat Pharmaceuticals is not affiliated with or responsible for the content of external organizations.
The information on this page is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult your neurologist or healthcare provider for guidance specific to your diagnosis and treatment.
Contact our Medical Information line for clinical questions.
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